Acne inversa: early inflammatory
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) is a chronic suppurative and scarring inflammatory disease with predilection in the apocrine gland-bearing areas. Histological investigations in the 1990s showed keratotic occlusion of the terminal follicle structure to be the initial cause.
Our investigations describe and reproduce the morphology and try to figure out very early lesions of HS. A total of 262 operative specimens from 60 patients were investigated by routine histology and 11 operative specimens by immunohistochemistry: HS is dominated by a heterogeneous histological image. 82% of the surgical specimens showed mild or pronounced follicular hyperkeratosis, whereas an isotopic hyperplasia of follicular epithelium was evident in 77%.
Pronounced perifolliculitis was seen in 68% and rupture of the follicle structure in 28%. Features which had not so far been described in detail were: epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia (43%) and subepidermal interfollicular inflammatory infiltrate (78%).
In all 11 specimens, immunohistochemical investigations showed a perifollicular and subepidermal inflammation of CD-3-, CD-4-, CD-68-, CD-79- and CD-8-cells, the latter with a striking selective epitheliotropism. To conclude, we could show follicular hyperkeratosis and lymphocytic perifollicular inflammation as early patterns in pathogenesis, whereas rupture of the follicle structure takes place later.
Finally, it seems that there are two hot spots of inflammatory events (perifollicular and subepidermal) composed of a comparable inflammatory cell mixture. The CD-8 cell epitheliotropism (follicular and epidermal) described here and its influence in follicular hyperkeratosis, in hyperplasia of follicular epithelium and in epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia will be of further interest, for instance, concerning early pharmacological intervention.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events at terminal follicles and at interfollicular epidermis
Exp Dermatol. 2009 Jul 29; Laffert MV, Helmbold P, Wohlrab J, Fiedler E, Stadie V, Marsch WC (Hubmed.org)
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Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events
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Our investigations describe and reproduce the morphology and try to figure out very early lesions of HS. A total of 262 operative specimens from 60 patients were investigated by routine histology and 11 operative specimens by immunohistochemistry: HS is dominated by a heterogeneous histological image. 82% of the surgical specimens showed mild or pronounced follicular hyperkeratosis, whereas an isotopic hyperplasia of follicular epithelium was evident in 77%.
Pronounced perifolliculitis was seen in 68% and rupture of the follicle structure in 28%. Features which had not so far been described in detail were: epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia (43%) and subepidermal interfollicular inflammatory infiltrate (78%).
In all 11 specimens, immunohistochemical investigations showed a perifollicular and subepidermal inflammation of CD-3-, CD-4-, CD-68-, CD-79- and CD-8-cells, the latter with a striking selective epitheliotropism. To conclude, we could show follicular hyperkeratosis and lymphocytic perifollicular inflammation as early patterns in pathogenesis, whereas rupture of the follicle structure takes place later.
Finally, it seems that there are two hot spots of inflammatory events (perifollicular and subepidermal) composed of a comparable inflammatory cell mixture. The CD-8 cell epitheliotropism (follicular and epidermal) described here and its influence in follicular hyperkeratosis, in hyperplasia of follicular epithelium and in epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia will be of further interest, for instance, concerning early pharmacological intervention.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events at terminal follicles and at interfollicular epidermis
Exp Dermatol. 2009 Jul 29; Laffert MV, Helmbold P, Wohlrab J, Fiedler E, Stadie V, Marsch WC (Hubmed.org)
Related:
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Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events
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Women Smokers More Likely To Have Non-inflammatory Acne
About Acne, Types and Symptoms : Acne
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Photodynamic therapy in dermatology
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the prevention and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer. Until recently, clinically approved indications have been restricted to actinic keratoses, nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma, and, since 2006, Bowen disease.
However, the range of indications has been expanding continuously. PDT is also used for the treatment of non-malignant conditions such as acne vulgaris and leishmaniasis, as well as for treating premature skin aging due to sun exposure.
The production of reactive oxygen intermediates like singlet oxygen depends on the light dose applied as well as the concentration and localization of the photosensitizer in the diseased tissue.
Either cytotoxic effects resulting in tumor destruction or immunomodulatory effects improving inflammatory skin conditions are induced. Treating superficial non-melanoma skin cancer, PDT has been shown to be highly efficient, despite the low level of invasiveness. The excellent cosmetic results after treatment are beneficial, too.
Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: a review.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Aug 5; Choudhary S, Nouri K, Elsaie ML (Hubmed.org)
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However, the range of indications has been expanding continuously. PDT is also used for the treatment of non-malignant conditions such as acne vulgaris and leishmaniasis, as well as for treating premature skin aging due to sun exposure.
The production of reactive oxygen intermediates like singlet oxygen depends on the light dose applied as well as the concentration and localization of the photosensitizer in the diseased tissue.
Either cytotoxic effects resulting in tumor destruction or immunomodulatory effects improving inflammatory skin conditions are induced. Treating superficial non-melanoma skin cancer, PDT has been shown to be highly efficient, despite the low level of invasiveness. The excellent cosmetic results after treatment are beneficial, too.
Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: a review.
Lasers Med Sci. 2009 Aug 5; Choudhary S, Nouri K, Elsaie ML (Hubmed.org)
Related:
Photodynamic Therapy For Photo Aging
Photodynamic therapy - does it help in pleural mesothelioma cancer
Photodynamic Therapy: A Light in the Darkness?
Photodynamic Therapy Can Scramble The Immune System To Fight
Photodynamic Therapy: Back to the Future
Photodynamic therapy with an endocytically located photosensitizer
Response Surface Methodology: An Extensive Potential to Optimize
Guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy
Acne: Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy
Combining photodynamic therapy and radiation therapy
Acne inversa: early inflammatory
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) is a chronic suppurative and scarring inflammatory disease with predilection in the apocrine gland-bearing areas. Histological investigations in the 1990s showed keratotic occlusion of the terminal follicle structure to be the initial cause.
Our investigations describe and reproduce the morphology and try to figure out very early lesions of HS. A total of 262 operative specimens from 60 patients were investigated by routine histology and 11 operative specimens by immunohistochemistry: HS is dominated by a heterogeneous histological image. 82% of the surgical specimens showed mild or pronounced follicular hyperkeratosis, whereas an isotopic hyperplasia of follicular epithelium was evident in 77%.
Pronounced perifolliculitis was seen in 68% and rupture of the follicle structure in 28%. Features which had not so far been described in detail were: epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia (43%) and subepidermal interfollicular inflammatory infiltrate (78%).
In all 11 specimens, immunohistochemical investigations showed a perifollicular and subepidermal inflammation of CD-3-, CD-4-, CD-68-, CD-79- and CD-8-cells, the latter with a striking selective epitheliotropism. To conclude, we could show follicular hyperkeratosis and lymphocytic perifollicular inflammation as early patterns in pathogenesis, whereas rupture of the follicle structure takes place later.
Finally, it seems that there are two hot spots of inflammatory events (perifollicular and subepidermal) composed of a comparable inflammatory cell mixture. The CD-8 cell epitheliotropism (follicular and epidermal) described here and its influence in follicular hyperkeratosis, in hyperplasia of follicular epithelium and in epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia will be of further interest, for instance, concerning early pharmacological intervention.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events at terminal follicles and at interfollicular epidermis
Exp Dermatol. 2009 Jul 29; Laffert MV, Helmbold P, Wohlrab J, Fiedler E, Stadie V, Marsch WC (Hubmed.org)
Related:
Rosacea: An Inflammatory Skin Condition that Resembles Acne
Acne Free In 3 Days | Acne Prevention
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events
The air in your skincare - acne, anti-inflammatory
Women Smokers More Likely To Have Non-inflammatory Acne
About Acne, Types and Symptoms : Acne
Acne vulgaris patients have low levels of anti-inflammatory
Our investigations describe and reproduce the morphology and try to figure out very early lesions of HS. A total of 262 operative specimens from 60 patients were investigated by routine histology and 11 operative specimens by immunohistochemistry: HS is dominated by a heterogeneous histological image. 82% of the surgical specimens showed mild or pronounced follicular hyperkeratosis, whereas an isotopic hyperplasia of follicular epithelium was evident in 77%.
Pronounced perifolliculitis was seen in 68% and rupture of the follicle structure in 28%. Features which had not so far been described in detail were: epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia (43%) and subepidermal interfollicular inflammatory infiltrate (78%).
In all 11 specimens, immunohistochemical investigations showed a perifollicular and subepidermal inflammation of CD-3-, CD-4-, CD-68-, CD-79- and CD-8-cells, the latter with a striking selective epitheliotropism. To conclude, we could show follicular hyperkeratosis and lymphocytic perifollicular inflammation as early patterns in pathogenesis, whereas rupture of the follicle structure takes place later.
Finally, it seems that there are two hot spots of inflammatory events (perifollicular and subepidermal) composed of a comparable inflammatory cell mixture. The CD-8 cell epitheliotropism (follicular and epidermal) described here and its influence in follicular hyperkeratosis, in hyperplasia of follicular epithelium and in epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia will be of further interest, for instance, concerning early pharmacological intervention.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events at terminal follicles and at interfollicular epidermis
Exp Dermatol. 2009 Jul 29; Laffert MV, Helmbold P, Wohlrab J, Fiedler E, Stadie V, Marsch WC (Hubmed.org)
Related:
Rosacea: An Inflammatory Skin Condition that Resembles Acne
Acne Free In 3 Days | Acne Prevention
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): early inflammatory events
The air in your skincare - acne, anti-inflammatory
Women Smokers More Likely To Have Non-inflammatory Acne
About Acne, Types and Symptoms : Acne
Acne vulgaris patients have low levels of anti-inflammatory
Oral hormonal contraception
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are placed in the uterine cavity with the objective of providing long-term contraception, mainly by preventing fertilisation.
The best-known IUDs contain copper, but there is also an IUD delivering levonorgestrel, a progestin; (2) How effective are these devices, and what are their adverse effects? To answer these questions, we analysed the literature using the standard Prescrire methodology; (3) T-shaped copper IUDs, with a copper surface area of 380 mm2 on 3 arms, and the levonorgestrel-releasing device, have similar contraceptive efficacy as combined oral contraceptives that are used correctly.
In contrast, IUDs are more effective than oral contraception used incorrectly; (4) Among IUD users, there are on average about 6 pregnancies per 1000 woman-years.
There is less experience with the levonorgestrel IUD which seems to be at least as effective as copper IUDs; (5) The rare intrauterine pregnancies that occur in women using an IUD generally end in miscarriage. About 25% of these pregnancies end in a live birth if the device is left in place, compared to about 90% if the device is removed; (6) Ectopic pregnancies are rarer in IUD users than in women who do not use contraception.
However, about one in 20 pregnancies that occur in women using an IUD is ectopic; (7) The IUD is expelled in about 5% to 10% of cases within 5 years, and expulsion recurs in about 30% of these women; (8) Problems such as difficult insertion, pain, bleeding and syncope are reported in less than 1.5% of cases overall; (9) Uterine perforation during insertion is rare, occurring in 0.6 to 16 cases per 1000 insertions, regardless of the type of IUD.
The risk of perforation is higher when the IUD is inserted less than 4 to 6 weeks after delivery or elective abortion; (10) During the first 3 months after insertion, the risk of pelvic infection is slightly higher than in the general population, especially in women with pre-existing asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
There are about 6 pelvic infections per 1000 woman-years of IUD use. Routine antibiotic prophylaxis is unnecessary. The interview and physical examination may lead to diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection or other sexually transmitted infections.
In these cases, treatment may be needed before IUD insertion. Women must be warned that IUDs do not protect them from sexually transmitted diseases; (11) Menstrual bleeding is often heavier in women with cooper IUDs than in women who do not use IUDs, and may be associated with menstrual pain; (12) The levonorgestrel IUD is associated with a marked reduction in menstrual blood loss and irregular bleeding; amenorrhoea occurs in 35% of women after 2 years of use.
The levonorgestrel IUD also has hormonal adverse effects such as headache, acne, breast tension and functional ovarian cysts; (13) IUDs can safely be used in breastfeeding women, immediately after a pregnancy, in cases of diabetes or HIV infection, during nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug therapy, and after an ectopic pregnancy.
The only problems occurring in women who have never had children are pain during insertion and more frequent expulsions; (14) A copper IUD is a first-line contraceptive method for women with a history of deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or coronary events; (15) It is better to postpone IUD insertion when the woman has a genital tract infection or unexplained vaginal bleeding; (16) IUD insertion is an effective alternative to "morning-after" hormonal contraception.
Intrauterine devices: an effective alternative to oral hormonal contraception
Prescrire Int. 2009 Jun; 18(101): 125-30(1) (Hubmed.org)
Highlight:
Sulfur Acne Medications for Severe Acne
Profile of acne vulgaris--a hospital-based study from South India
Phototherapy, photodynamic therapy and lasers in the treatment
Scoring systems in acne vulgaris
Zeno Anti-Acne Medications And Treatment
Repair of acne scars with Dermicol-P35
Related:
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The best-known IUDs contain copper, but there is also an IUD delivering levonorgestrel, a progestin; (2) How effective are these devices, and what are their adverse effects? To answer these questions, we analysed the literature using the standard Prescrire methodology; (3) T-shaped copper IUDs, with a copper surface area of 380 mm2 on 3 arms, and the levonorgestrel-releasing device, have similar contraceptive efficacy as combined oral contraceptives that are used correctly.
In contrast, IUDs are more effective than oral contraception used incorrectly; (4) Among IUD users, there are on average about 6 pregnancies per 1000 woman-years.
There is less experience with the levonorgestrel IUD which seems to be at least as effective as copper IUDs; (5) The rare intrauterine pregnancies that occur in women using an IUD generally end in miscarriage. About 25% of these pregnancies end in a live birth if the device is left in place, compared to about 90% if the device is removed; (6) Ectopic pregnancies are rarer in IUD users than in women who do not use contraception.
However, about one in 20 pregnancies that occur in women using an IUD is ectopic; (7) The IUD is expelled in about 5% to 10% of cases within 5 years, and expulsion recurs in about 30% of these women; (8) Problems such as difficult insertion, pain, bleeding and syncope are reported in less than 1.5% of cases overall; (9) Uterine perforation during insertion is rare, occurring in 0.6 to 16 cases per 1000 insertions, regardless of the type of IUD.
The risk of perforation is higher when the IUD is inserted less than 4 to 6 weeks after delivery or elective abortion; (10) During the first 3 months after insertion, the risk of pelvic infection is slightly higher than in the general population, especially in women with pre-existing asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
There are about 6 pelvic infections per 1000 woman-years of IUD use. Routine antibiotic prophylaxis is unnecessary. The interview and physical examination may lead to diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection or other sexually transmitted infections.
In these cases, treatment may be needed before IUD insertion. Women must be warned that IUDs do not protect them from sexually transmitted diseases; (11) Menstrual bleeding is often heavier in women with cooper IUDs than in women who do not use IUDs, and may be associated with menstrual pain; (12) The levonorgestrel IUD is associated with a marked reduction in menstrual blood loss and irregular bleeding; amenorrhoea occurs in 35% of women after 2 years of use.
The levonorgestrel IUD also has hormonal adverse effects such as headache, acne, breast tension and functional ovarian cysts; (13) IUDs can safely be used in breastfeeding women, immediately after a pregnancy, in cases of diabetes or HIV infection, during nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug therapy, and after an ectopic pregnancy.
The only problems occurring in women who have never had children are pain during insertion and more frequent expulsions; (14) A copper IUD is a first-line contraceptive method for women with a history of deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or coronary events; (15) It is better to postpone IUD insertion when the woman has a genital tract infection or unexplained vaginal bleeding; (16) IUD insertion is an effective alternative to "morning-after" hormonal contraception.
Intrauterine devices: an effective alternative to oral hormonal contraception
Prescrire Int. 2009 Jun; 18(101): 125-30(1) (Hubmed.org)
Highlight:
Sulfur Acne Medications for Severe Acne
Profile of acne vulgaris--a hospital-based study from South India
Phototherapy, photodynamic therapy and lasers in the treatment
Scoring systems in acne vulgaris
Zeno Anti-Acne Medications And Treatment
Repair of acne scars with Dermicol-P35
Related:
Oral Contraception and Risk of Breast Cancer
People for Pigeons: Pigeon Oral Contraception Legalized
Oral Contraception Provides Long Term Protection Against Ovarian
The formation of muscle and Oral contraception
Antibiotics Menstruation after oral contraception
Migraines and Oral Contraception
